Английский язык: Контрольные работы - вариант 4

Английский язык Тема КР 1: Вариант 4 I. Выберите правильную форму глагола, согласующуюся с подлежащим. Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Example: The news is / are bad. Новости – плохие. 1. I believe congratulations are/ is in order! 2. The police have/ has been called in. 3. No news is/ are good news. 4. Troops were/ was sent in to restore order. II. Выберите нужную форму прилагательного или наречия. Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Напишите три формы сравнения этих прилагательных или наречий. Example: He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks happily / happier today. Вчера он был слегка расстроен, а сегодня выгладит более счастливым. happy – happier – the happiest 1. In late spring the gulls nest high/ highly on the cliff face. 2. Evolution happens more slowly/ slow during periods of climatic stability. 3. I thought you spoke very well/ good in that meeting yesterday. 4. Michael Faraday was one of the great/greatly scientists in history. III. Выберите нужные местоимения. Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Example: He didn’t come to some/ any results. Он не пришел ни к какому результату. 1. He wants to see us but we/ she don’t want to see his/ him. 2. They know our/ us address but we don’t know theirs/ their. 3. Don’t pay for me. I want to pay for me/ myself. 4. There is hardly anybody/ nobody to be seen on the streets of the centre, after dusk. IV. Соедините части (1-4) с (а-d). Запишите составленные предложения, переведите их на русский язык. 1. A lot of people think that the Sun goes … 2. Newton made his great discovery … 3. We’ll make every effort to answer your enquiry … 4. Philip is an excellent linguist. a. He speaks six languages fluently. b. around the Earth. c. while he was sitting under a tree. d. as soon as possible. V. Составьте и запишите предложения из данных слов. Example: mother/was/when/to/my/yesterday/her/busy/went/I/see. My mother was busy when I went to see her yesterday. 1. had/effect/when/a/my/powerful/on/was/father/a/me/I/girl. 2. husband/well/your/does/get/parent/your/on/with? 3. can’t/behaviour/longer/I/stand/any/just/your. 4. anything/can/help/there/that/do/isn’t/you/to. VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив подходящее по смыслу производное слово. Запишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Example: The (major) majority of students took the (examine) examination successfully. 1. My snaps are either a complete (fail) for technical reasons, or just not very (imagine). 2. When he wears a coat it is always old and (wear). 3. Who exactly (invention) the computer? 4. Any time I operate any kind of (equip) something terrible happens. Работа над текстом I. Ознакомьтесь с незнакомыми словами к тексту. contemporary /kqn"temp(q)rqrI/ современный matter /"mxtq/ материя maid /meId/ первоисточник differential calculus /"kxlkjVlqs/ однодифференциальное исчисление system of notation /nqV"teIS(q)n/ система обозначений precede /"prr"sJd/ предшествовать II. Прочитайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1. German philosopher, mathematician, historian and jurist, contemporary of Newton (1642-1727), who left behind no philosophical outstanding works, but who is still considered to be among the giant thinkers of the 17th-century. Leibniz believed in "pre-established harmony" between matter and maid, and developed a philosophy of Rationalism by which he attempted to reconcile the existence of matter with the existence of God. Bertrand Russel wrote that Leibniz"s intellect "was highly abstract and logical, his greatest claim to fame is as an inventor of the infinitesimal calculus." 2. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig as the son of a professor of moral philosophy. He received his Master’s degree from the University of Leipzig at the age of 18 and his doctorate in law at Altdorf in 1667. Leibniz preferred a courtly to an academic career and in 1669 he entered the service of the elector of Mainz . 3. In 1675 Leibniz made his most important scientific discovery, the differential and integral calculus, which became the basis for modern mathematics. The discovery resulted in a controversy with Isaac Newton over whether he or Newton was the inventor. Nowadays it is generally agreed that they both discovered the basic foundations of the calculus independently, Newton first, but Leibniz"s publication preceded that of Newton . Leibniz"s system of notation is superior to that of Newton , and is still in use today. Newton"s absolute space also was something Leibniz could not accept: "I hold space to be something merely relative, for space denotes, in terms of possibility, an order to things which exist at the same time, considered as existing together." 4. He died in Hanover in 1716 embittered by ill health, plagued with gout, under secret surveillance, neglected, and almost all his works unpublished. His death was not much noted by the academies of which he was a member. Neither Leibniz"s two philosophical books, the New Essays on Human Understanding (c. 1705) and Theodicy (1710), gave to wide audience a complete account of his thinking. They only showed the tip of the iceberg. His work in symbolic logic was not resurrected until the twentieth century. III. Укажите, какое из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. 1. Leibniz got academic recognition when he was still in life. 2. The differential and integral equations were invented by Newton . 3. Having graduated from the University Leibniz preferred country to an academic career. IV. Выберите правильные ответы на вопросы. 1) What was Leibniz’s most important discovery? a. His most important discovery was the differential and integral calculus. b. His most important discovery was the theory of relativity. 2) What position did Leibniz occupy for the last 40 years of his life? a. He was a mathematician. b. He was a librarian at Hanover . V. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный вариант перевода. 1) Nowadays, it’s generally agreed that they both discovered the basic foundations of the calculus independently. a. Сейчас считается общепризнанным тот факт, что они оба, независимо друг от друга, открыли основные исчисления. b. Сегодня общеизвестно, что они открыли основы исчислений независимо. 2) I hold space to be something merely relative. a. Я нахожу, что пространство относительно. b. Я нахожу, что пространство есть то, что довольно относительно. 3) Neither Leibniz’s two philosophical books gave to wide audience a complete account of his thinking. a. Ни одна из двух книг Лейбница по философии не дала публике полного представления о его мышлении. b. Ни одна из двух книг Лейбница по философии не дала аудитории представления о его мыслях. VI. Переведите письменно абзацы 3 – 4 текста “G.W. Leibniz”. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Тема КР 2: Вариант 4 Вариант 4 I. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящий модальный глагол. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Example: These samples (may/ have to/ is to) be chosen deliberately. – Эти образцы могут быть отобраны (можно отобрать) произвольно. 1. The telephone was a vast improvement over the telegraph system, which (could/ may/ is able to) only transmit coded words and numbers. 2. You (has to/ is to/ may) use this instrument for measuring gas pressure. 3. We (couldn’t/ can’t/ had to) compare the properties of these substances now. 4. We (will be able to/ could/ might) experiment with different metals next week. II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните слова, которые выражены Participle I, Participle II или Gerund, указав, чем они являются (из вышеназванных). Переведите предложения на русский язык. Example: There are several ways of obtaining this substance. (Gerund) – Существует несколько способов получения этого вещества. 1. In 1887 Heinrich Hertz, while trying to prove the existence of radio waves, discovered the photoelectric effect. 2. We can start testing the materials as soon as we receive them. 3. Newton ’s great work published in 1687 is called “Principia”. 4. The technology of microwave radio is carried one step further by the use of communications satellites. III. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящие по смыслу видовременные формы глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите время и залог выбранных форм глаголов. Example: The engineer was asked/ asked to test the device. (Past Simple, Passive Voice) – Инженера попросили испытать механизм. 1. We are studying/ will be studying various electrical devices all the morning tomorrow. 2. Magnetic tape was used/ used for input, output or for storing data. 3. Our engineers have been developed/ have developed many new devices. 4. The experiments will be completed/ will complete by the end of the week. IV. Определите глаголы-сказуемые в предложениях. Перепишите предложения, преобразуя глаголы-сказуемые из активного в пассивный залоги, сохраняя временные формы глаголов. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Example: A.S. Popov invented the radio in 1895. – The radio was invented by A.S. Popov in 1895. – Радио было изобретено А.С. Поповым в 1895 году. 1. Scientists used lasers to measure the size of pollutants in the air. 2. The solar battery is converting the energy of sun rays directly into electric energy. 3. The students of our university study the basic concepts in computer science. 4. The students will have completed an experiment by 12 o’clock. V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения. Example: We understand that this problem must be solved. – Мы понимаем, что эту задачу надо решить. 1. It should be noted that plastics are widely used in everyday life. 2. The laboratory is the place where experiments as well as scientific research may be carried out. 3. The invention which A.S. Popov made did not interest the government. 4. Can you tell me whether satellites are used for telephone communications? Работа над текстом I. Ознакомьтесь с незнакомыми словами к тексту. electronic device /dI"vaIs/ электронное устройство to process /"prqVses/ обрабатывать issue /"IsjH, "ISH/ вопрос to evolve /I"vPlv/ развиваться vacuum tube /"vxkjV(q)mtjHb/ электровакуумная лампа to incorporate /In"kLpqreIt/ объединять, включать circuitry /"sWkItri/ схемы large scale integration /"IntI"greIS(q)n/ высокая степень интеграции artificial intelligence /"RtI"fIS(q)l/ искусственный интеллект II. Прочитайте текст, постарайтесь понять его содержание. The Evolution of Computers 1. A computer is an electronic device used to process information. It is this function of the computer that placed it at the center of our transition from the industrial period of our society to the information age. Some of the key issues regarding the role and usage of today"s computers are summarized below. Today, we encounter computers in almost every aspect of society. Computers are highly visible in such professions as education, science, medicine, and business, but they also can be found behind-the-scenes at the grocery store, in our automobiles, microwave ovens, and VCRs. 2. Computers have evolved through several generations. Each new generation is based on technological innovations and new methods of processing data. The first generation began with the development of the earliest large mainframe computers. These room-sized computers, such as the UNIVAC 1, were based on electromechanical devices and vacuum-tube technology. 3. Computers based on the transistor, which was invented in the late 1950s, mark the beginning of the second generation of computers. Transistors brought about the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient computers. The third generation of computers used integrated circuits which opened the door for the creation of even smaller and faster computers. These smaller computers were known as minicomputers and were the first to incorporate operating systems which automated many of the computer"s operational tasks, tasks that had been formerly handled by humans. 4. The fourth generation of computers is characterized by large-scale integration of computer circuitry and small microprocessors. Microcomputers (also called personal computers or PCs) were based on these microprocessors and they put computing power into the hands of individual users. In the future, computers that utilize artificial intelligence technologies will be able to make decisions based on accumulated evidence. 5. Although the technological innovations that mark the different generations in the evolution of the computer are generally concerned with the central processing capabilities of the computer, a computer system is actually an integrated set of computing components. A computer system requires input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanners, etc.) to get information into the computer and output devices (monitor, printer, etc.) to get information out of the computer. These physical components of the computer are known as hardware. The set of instructions or programs that are created by programmers to control the computer"s response to user input are known as software. III. Укажите, какие из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. 1. The fourth generation of computers is associated with the use of large scale integrated circuits and microprocessors. 2. Minicomputers were the first computers that included the operating systems, which automated a number of computer’s tasks previously performed by humans. 3. Input and output devices of the computer are known as software. IV. Выберите правильные ответы на вопросы. 1. What were the first generation computers based on? a) on vacuum tube technology, b) on integrated circuits. 2. What is the development of smaller, faster and more efficient computers associated with? a) with transistors, b) with large scale integration. V. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный вариант перевода. 1. Those room sized computers, such as the UNIVAC 1, were based on electromagnetic devices and vacuum tube technology. a) Эти размером с комнату компьютеры, такие как UNIVAC 1, были базами для электромагнитных устройств и технологии вакуумных ламп. b) Компьютеры, такие как UNIVAC 1, занимали целые помещения, и создавались на основе электромагнитных устройств и электронных вакуумных лампах. 2. These smaller computers were known as minicomputers and were the first to incorporate operating systems. a) Эти меньшие по размеру компьютеры назывались мини-компьютерами и впервые включали в себя операционные системы. b) Эти меньшие компьютеры были известны, как мини-компьютеры и впервые соединялись с операционными системами. 3. A computer system is actually an integrated set of computing components. a) В действительности компьютер – это совокупность компонентов интегрированных схем. b) Компьютер, в действительности, является совокупностью вычислительных компонентов. VI. Переведите письменно абзацы 3 – 5 текста. Методические рекомендации ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Материал контрольной работы следует располагать по образцу, указанному в таблице: Страница Задание Иностранный текст Соответствующий русский текст 5. В каждом контрольном задании даются упражнения для проверки сформированности грамматических навыков и умений чтения и устной речи, выделяются абзацы в текстах для проверки умения читать без словаря, понимать основную мысль, изложенную в абзаце. После текста даются контрольные вопросы или утверждения, с помощью которых проверяется, насколько правильно и точно студент понял мысль, изложенную в абзаце (или абзацах). Ниже предлагается несколько вариантов ответа. Среди этих вариантов необходимо найти тот, который наиболее правильно и четко отвечает на поставленный вопрос. 6. Чтобы правильно выполнить, например, контрольные задания №1и№2, следует проработать следующие грамматические темы: Имя существительное, артикль, местоимение, числительное, глагол, модальные глаголы, причастие, прилагательное, наречие, типы предложений и словообразовательный минимум. Можно использовать грамматический справочник, входящий в ЭУМК, а также рекомендованные в дополнительном списке литературы учебные пособия по грамматике. Для развития навыков чтения и понимания текстов по специальности используются, в том числе, и тексты с заданиями в разделе ЭУМК по чтению. 7. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.