Английский язык: Лексикология - вариант 15

Lexicology Test - 15 1.English lexicography Describe a dictionary according to the following plan: -the type of the dictionary, it’s size and structure, -the nature of the word list, the arrangement of the entries, -the arrangement of the derivatives, compounds, -the arrangement of phrasal verbs, idioms, -the arrangement of the meanings of the word (synchronic, diachronic approach), -the information given about the word: pronunciation, part-of-speech notation, etymology, ‘subject field’ labels {chemistry, math., linguist, etc.), style labels {formal, colloq., etc.), usage labels { rude, taboo, etc.), temporal labels {arch, obsolete, etc.), regional variants { Am., Br.), -information about synonyms, antonyms. 2. Etymology of the English lexicon 2.1. Name the main strata of borrowed words, give your examples. 2.2. Trace the etymology of the words: state from which languages the following words are borrowed, state the degree of assimilation: ballet, uncle, state, comrade, street, waltz, criterion, garage. 2.3. Explain what etymological doublets are, mach the etymological doublets and state their origin: major, shade, corps, hostel, balsam, canal, frail, corpse, fragile, channel, mayor, shadow, balm, hospital. 3. Word meaning 3.1. Consult the dictionaries, copy out the semantic structure on the synchronic level of the word paper (n.), underline figurative meanings, state the type of transfer (metaphoric, metonymic). 3.2. State the type of semantic change which has taken place in the following words: gay, fowl, ready, starve, cowboy, hound, meat, silly, minister, steward, revolution, queen. 4. Word formation 4.1. Make a list of all types of word formation (both major and minor) and illustrate each with the examples of your own. 4.2. State the type of word formation in the following words: brunch, depth, to ape, to baby-sit, UNO, to feed, friendliness, early-riser, fridge, to pocket, snowflake, girlish, strength, to burgle, cab, unpredictable. 5. Phraseology 5.1. Give Russian equivalents, explain the meaning of the following phraseological units and use them in your own examples: to shed crocodile tears, to cross the Rubicon, a dog in the manger, to keep one’s powder dry. 5.2. Translate the following phraseological units from Russian into English and classify them according to different classifications (V.Vinogradov’s: fusions, unities, combinations, Amasova’s: idioms, phrasemes, A.Smirnitsky’s: idioms, combinations, set phrases, Koonin’s: nominating, interjectional, communicative, nominative-communicative, pragmatic, etc.): светская беседа, в Тулу со своим самоваром, видит Бог! Вставлять палки в колёса, положить конец чему-либо.